Windows.txt
Da Wikicab.
Versione delle 16:02, 30 ago 2006, autore: S bastian (Discussione | contributi)
Qui di seguito il contenuto del file windows.txt, contenuto nella cartella docs di MAME. Contiene tutte le informazioni di configurazione da usare in mame.ini per l'uso dell'emulatore.
Using the program
-----------------
The usual way to run MAME is by telling it to run a particular game:
mame <gamename> [options]
For example:
mame robby -nosound
...will run Robby Roto without sound. There are many, many options
available. All currently supported options are listed below.
An alternative way to run MAME is to give it a command:
mame <command> [parameters]
For example:
mame -listsource gridlee
...will print the name of the source file where the gridlee driver lives to
the screen. There are just a handful of these commands in MAME. They are
all listed below, just before the options list.
Default Keys
------------
All the keys below are fully configurable in the user interface. This list
shows the standard keyboard configuration.
Tab Toggles the configuration menu
~ Toggles the On Screen Display. Use the up and down arrow keys to
select which parameter to modify (global volume, mixing level,
gamma correction etc.) Use the left and right to arrow keys to
change modify the value. Some parameters adjust with finer or
coarser control if you hold down the CTRL or SHIFT keys while
pressing the left/right arrows. Use the ENTER key to reset a value
to its default.
P Pauses the game
SHIFT+P While paused, advances to next frame
F1 Toggle crosshairs for games that use them
F2 Service Mode
F3 Resets the game
F4 Shows the game palette, decoded GFX, and any tilemaps. Use the
ENTER key to switch between the three modes (palette, graphics,
and tilemaps). Press F4 again to turn off the display. The key
controls in each mode vary slightly:
* Palette/colortable mode:
[ ] - switch between palette and colortable modes
up/down - scroll up/down one line at a time
pgup/pgdn - scroll up/down one page at a time
home/end - move to top/bottom of list
-/+ - increase/decrease the number of colors per row
ENTER - switch to graphics viewer
* Graphics mode:
[ ] - switch between different graphics sets
up/down - scroll up/down one line at a time
pgup/pgdn - scroll up/down one page at a time
home/end - move to top/bottom of list
left/right - change color displayed
R - rotate tiles 90 degrees clockwise
-/+ - increase/decrease the number of tiles per row
ENTER - switch to tilemap viewer
* Tilemap mode:
[ ] - switch between different tilemaps
up/down/left/right - scroll 8 pixels at a time
SHIFT+up/down/left/right - scroll 1 pixel at a time
CTRL+up/down/left/right - scroll 64 pixels at a time
R - rotate tilemap view 90 degrees clockwise
-/+ - increase/decrease the zoom factor
ENTER - switch to palette/colortable mode
Note: Not all games have decoded graphics and/or tilemaps.
F6 Toggle cheat mode (if started with "-cheat")
F7 Load a save state. You will be requested to press a key to
determine which save state you wish to load. Note that the save
state feature is not supported for a large number of drivers. If
support is not enabled for a given driver, you will receive a
warning when attempting to save or load.
SHIFT+F7 Create a save state. Requires an additional keypress to identify
the state, similar to the load option above.
F8 Decrease frame skip on the fly
F9 Increase frame skip on the fly
F10 Toggle speed throttling
F11 Toggles speed display
SHIFT+F11 Toggles profiler display (debug builds only)
F12 Saves a screen snapshot.
INSERT Fast forward. While held, runs the game with throttling disabled
and with the maximum frameskip.
ESC Exits emulator
Core commands
-------------
-help / -?
Displays current MAME version and copyright notice.
-validate / -valid
Performs internal validation on every driver in the system. Run this
before submitting changes to ensure that you haven't violated any of
the core system rules.
Configuration commands
----------------------
-createconfig / -cc
Creates the default MAME.INI file. All the configuration options
(not commands) described below can be permanently changed by editing
this configuration file.
-showconfig / -sc
Displays the current configuration settings. If you route this to a
file, you can use it as an INI file. For example, the command:
mame -showconfig >mame.ini
is equivalent to -createconfig.
-showusage / -su
Displays a summary of all the command line options. For options that
are not mentioned here, the short summary given by "mame -showusage" is
usually sufficient.
Frontend commands
-----------------
Note: By default, all the '-list' commands below write info to the screen.
If you wish to write the info to a textfile instead, add this to the end of
your command:
> filename
...where 'filename' is the textfile's path and name (e.g., c:\mame\list.txt).
-listxml / -lx [<gamename|wildcard>]
List comprehensive details for all of the supported games. The output
is quite long, so it is usually better to redirect this into a file.
The output is in XML format. By default all games are listed; however,
you can limit this list by specifying a driver name or wildcard after
the -listxml command.
-listfull / -ll [<gamename|wildcard>]
Displays a list of game driver names and descriptions. By default all
games are listed; however, you can limit this list by specifying a
driver name or wildcard after the -listfull command.
-listsource / -ls [<gamename|wildcard>]
Displays a list of drivers and the names of the source files their game
drivers live in. Useful for finding which driver a game runs on in
order to fix bugs. By default all games are listed; however, you can
limit this list by specifying a driver name or wildcard after the
-listsource command.
-listclones / -lc [<gamename|wildcard>]
Displays a list of clones. By default all clones are listed; however,
you can limit this list by specifying a driver name or wildcard after
the -listsource command.
-listcrc
Displays a full list of CRCs of all ROM images referenced by all
drivers within MAME.
-listroms <gamename>
Displays a list of ROM images referenced by the specified game.
-listsamples <gamename>
Displays a list of samples referenced by the specified game.
-verifyroms [<gamename|wildcard>]
Checks for invalid or missing ROM images. By default all drivers that
have valid ZIP files or directories in the rompath are verified;
however, you can limit this list by specifying a driver name or
wildcard after the -verifyroms command.
-verifysamples
Checks for invalid or missing samples. By default all drivers that
have valid ZIP files or directories in the samplepath are verified;
however, you can limit this list by specifying a driver name or
wildcard after the -verifyroms command.
-romident
Attempts to identify ROM files, if they are known to MAME, in the
specified .zip file or directory. This command can be used to try and
identify ROM sets taken from unknown boards. On exit, the errorlevel
is returned as one of the following:
0: means all files were identified
1: means all files were identified except for 1 or more "non-ROM"
files
2: means some files were identified
3: means no files were identified
-isknown
Very terse romident. The errorlevel is set the same as for -romident.
Configuration options
---------------------
-[no]readconfig / -[no]rc
Enables or disables the reading of the config files. When enabled
(which is the default), MAME reads the following config files in order:
- mame.ini
- <mymame>.ini (i.e. if MAME was renamed mame060.exe, MAME
parses mame060.ini here)
- mamed.ini (if this is a debug build, i.e. mamed.exe)
- vector.ini (for vector games only)
- <driver>.ini (based on the source filename of the driver)
- <parent>.ini (for clones only, may be called recursively)
- <gamename>.ini
The settings in the later ini's override those in the earlier ini's.
So, for example, if you wanted to disable overlay effects in the
vector games, you can create a vector.ini with the "effect none" line
in it, and it will override whatever effect value you have in your
mame.ini. The default is ON (-readconfig).
-[no]skip_gameinfo
Forces MAME to skip displaying the game info screen. The default is OFF
(-noskip_gameinfo).
Path and directory options
--------------------------
IMPORTANT: Please use the path, directory and file options ONLY in mame.ini.
Otherwise, the outcome may be unpredictable and not consistent across
releases.
-rompath / -rp
Specifies a list of paths within which to find ROM or hard disk images.
Multiple paths can be specified by separating them with semicolons.
The default is 'roms' (that is, a directory "roms" in the same directory
as the MAME executable).
-samplepath / -sp
Specifies a list of paths within which to find sample files. Multiple
paths can be specified by separating them with semicolons. The default
is 'samples' (that is, a directory "samples" in the same directory as
the MAME executable).
-inipath
Specifies a list of paths within which to find .INI files. Multiple
paths can be specified by separating them with semicolons. The default
is '.;ini' (that is, search in the current directory first, and then
in the directory "ini" in the same directory as the MAME executable).
-cfg_directory
Specifies a single directory where configuration files are stored.
Configuration files store user configurable settings that are read at
startup and written when MAME exits. The default is 'cfg' (that is,
a directory "cfg" in the same directory as the MAME executable). If this
directory does not exist, it will be automatically created.
-nvram_directory
Specifies a single directory where NVRAM files are stored. NVRAM files
store the contents of EEPROM and non-volatile RAM (NVRAM) for games
which used this type of hardware. This data is read at startup and
written when MAME exits. The default is 'nvram' (that is, a directory
"nvram" in the same directory as the MAME executable). If this directory
does not exist, it will be automatically created.
-memcard_directory
Specifies a single directory where memory card files are stored. Memory
card files store the contents of removable memory cards for games which
used this type of hardware. This data is read and written under control
of the user via the "Memory Card" menu in the user interface. The
default is 'memcard' (that is, a directory "memcard" in the same
directory as the MAME executable). If this directory does not exist,
it will be automatically created.
-input_directory
Specifies a single directory where input recording files are stored.
Input recordings are created via the -record option and played back via
the -playback option. The default is 'inp' (that is, a directory
"inp" in the same directory as the MAME executable). If this directory
does not exist, it will be automatically created.
-hiscore_directory
Specifies a single directory where high score files are stored. High
score files are managed by the soon-to-be-obsolete high score system,
which is activated when it finds a hiscore.dat file. The high score data
is read at startup and written when MAME exits. The default is 'hi'
(that is, a directory "hi" in the same directory as the MAME
executable). If this directory does not exist, it will be automatically
created.
-state_directory
Specifies a single directory where save state files are stored. Save
state files are read and written either upon user request, or when using
the -autosave option. The default is 'sta' (that is, a directory "sta"
in the same directory as the MAME executable). If this directory does
not exist, it will be automatically created.
-artpath / -artwork_directory
Specifies a list of paths within which to find artwork files. Multiple
paths can be specified by separating them with semicolons. The default
is 'artwork' (that is, a directory "artwork" in the same directory as
the MAME executable).
-snapshot_directory
Specifies a single directory where screen snapshots are stored, when
requested by the user. The default is 'snap' (that is, a directory
"snap" in the same directory as the MAME executable). If this directory
does not exist, it will be automatically created.
-diff_directory
Specifies a single directory where hard drive differencing files are
stored. Hard drive differencing files store any data that is written
back to a hard disk image, in order to preserve the original image. The
differencing files are created at startup when a game with a hard disk
image. The default is 'diff' (that is, a directory "diff" in the same
directory as the MAME executable). If this directory does not exist,
it will be automatically created.
-ctrlrpath / -ctrlr_directory
Specifies a list of paths within which to find controller-specific
configuration files. Multiple paths can be specified by separating
them with semicolons. The default is 'ctrlr' (that is, a directory
"ctrlr" in the same directory as the MAME executable).
-comment_directory
Specifies a single directory where debugger comment files are stored.
Debugger comment files are written by the debugger when comments are
added to the disassembly for a game. The default is 'comments' (that is,
a directory "comments" in the same directory as the MAME executable).
If this directory does not exist, it will be automatically created.
-cheat_file
Specifies the name of the cheat database file. The default is
'cheat.dat'.
Misc options
------------
-bios <biosname>
Specifies the specific BIOS to use with the current game, for game
systems that make use of a BIOS. The -listxml output will list all of
the possible BIOS names for a game. The default is 'default'.
-[no]cheat / -[no]c
Enables the reading of the cheat database, if present, and the Cheat
menu in the user interface. The default is OFF (-nocheat).
State/playback options
----------------------
-state <slot>
Immediately after starting the specified game, will cause the save
state in the specified <slot> to be loaded.
-[no]autosave
When enabled, automatically creates a save state file when exiting MAME
and automatically attempts to reload it when later starting MAME with
the same game. This only works for games that have explicitly enabled
save state support in their driver. The default is OFF (-noautosave).
-playback / -pb <filename>
Specifies a file from which to play back a series of game inputs. This
feature does not work reliably for all games, but can be used to watch
a previously recorded game session from start to finish. In order to
make things consistent, you should only record and playback with all
configuration (.cfg), NVRAM (.nv), and memory card files deleted. The
default is NULL (no playback).
-record / -rec <filename>
Specifies a file to record all input from a game session. This can be
used to record a game session for later playback. This feature does not
work reliably for all games, but can be used to watch a previously
recorded game session from start to finish. In order to make things
consistent, you should only record and playback with all configuration
(.cfg), NVRAM (.nv), and memory card files deleted. The default is NULL
(no recording).
-mngwrite <filename>
Writes each video frame to the given <filename> in MNG format, producing
an animation of the game session. Note that -mngwrite only writes video
frames; it does not save any audio data. Use -wavwrite for that, and
reassemble the audio/video using offline tools. The default is NULL (no
recording).
-wavwrite <filename>
Writes the final mixer output to the given <filename> in WAV format,
producing an audio recording of the game session. The default is NULL
(no recording).
Debugging options
-----------------
-[no]log
Creates a file called error.log which contains all of the internal
log messages generated by the MAME core and game drivers. The default
is OFF (-nolog).
-[no]oslog
Outputs the error.log data to the Windows debugger. This can be used at
the same time as -log to output the log data to both targets as well.
Default is OFF (-nooslog).
-[no]verbose / -[no]v
Displays internal diagnostic information. This information is very
useful for debugging problems with your configuration. IMPORTANT: when
reporting bugs, please run with mame -verbose and include the resulting
information. The default is off (-noverbose)
-[no]debug
Activates the integrated debugger. This is available only if the program
is compiled with MAME_DEBUG defined. By default, the debugger is
entered by pressing the tilde (~) key during emulation. It is also
entered immediately at startup. The default is OFF (-nodebug).
-debugscript <filename>
Specifies a file that contains a list of debugger commands to execute
immediately upon startup. The default is NULL (no commands).
Perormance options
------------------
-[no]autoframeskip / -[no]afs
Automatically determines the frameskip level while you're playing the
game, adjusting it constantly in a frantic attempt to keep the game
running at full speed. Turning this on overrides the value you have set
for -frameskip below. The default is OFF (-noautoframeskip).
-frameskip / -fs
Specifies the frameskip value. This is the number of frames out of
every 12 to drop when running. For example, if you say -frameskip 2,
then MAME will display 10 out of every 12 frames. By skipping those
frames, you may be able to get full speed in a game that requires more
horsepower than your computer has. The default value is -frameskip 0,
which skips no frames.
-frames_to_run / -ftr
This option can be used for benchmarking and automated testing. It tells
MAME to stop execution after a fixed number of frames. By combining
this with a fixed set of other command line options, you can set up a
consistent environment for benchmarking MAME performance. In addition,
upon exit, the -ftr option will write a screenshot called
_<gamename>.png to the snapshot directory.
-[no]throttle
Configures the default thottling setting. When throttling is on, MAME
attempts to keep the game running at the game's intended speed. When
throttling is off, MAME runs the game as fast as it can. Note that the
fastest speed is more often than not limited by your graphics card,
especially for older games. The default is ON (-throttle).
-[no]sleep
Allows MAME to give time back to the system when running with -throttle.
This allows other programs to have some CPU time, assuming that the
game isn't taxing 100% of your CPU resources. This option can
potentially cause hiccups in performance if other demanding programs
are running. The default is ON (-sleep).
-[no]rdtsc
Specifies that MAME should use RDTSC for timing. RDTSC is very fast but
unfortunately rather inaccurate on many modern CPUs that dynamically
change clock speeds to conserve power. By default, MAME uses the
Windows function QueryPerformanceCounter for timing. The default is
OFF (-nordtsc).
-priority <priority>
Sets the thread priority for the MAME threads. By default the priority
is left alone to guarantee proper cooperation with other applications.
The valid range is -15 to 1, with 1 being the highest priority. The
default is 0 (NORMAL priority).
Video options
-------------
-video <gdi|ddraw|d3d|none>
Specifies which video subsystem to use for drawing. By specifying 'gdi'
here, you tell MAME to render video using standard Windows graphics
drawing calls. This is the slowest but most compatible option.
Specifying 'ddraw' instructs MAME to use DirectDraw for rendering. This
causes MAME to render everything at a lower resolution and then upscale
the results at the end. This produces high performance, especially on
older or low-power video cards, but has a noticeably lower output
quality. Specifying 'd3d' tells MAME to use Direct3D for rendering. This
produces the highest quality output and enables all rendering options.
It is recommended if you have a recent (2002+) video card. The final
option 'none' displays no windows and does no drawing. This is primarily
present for doing CPU benchmarks without the overhead of the video
system. The default is d3d.
-numscreens <count>
Tells MAME how many output windows to create. For most games, a single
output window is all you need, but some games originally used multiple
screens. Each screen (up to 4) has its own independent settings for
physical monitor, aspect ratio, resolution, and view, which can be
set using the options below. The default is 1.
-[no]window
Run MAME in either a window or full screen. The default is OFF
(-nowindow).
-[no]maximize / -[no]max
Controls initial window size in windowed mode. If it is set on, the
window will initially be set to the maximum supported size when you
start MAME. If it is turned off, the window will start out at the
smallest supported size. This option only has an effect when the
-window option is used. The default is ON (-maximize).
-[no]keepaspect / -[no]ka
Enables aspect ratio enforcement. When this option is on, the game's
proper aspect ratio (generally 4:3 or 3:4) is enforced, so you get the
game looking like it should. When running in a window with this option
on, you can only resize the window to the proper aspect ratio, unless
you are holding down the CONTROL key. By turning the option off, the
aspect ratio is allowed to float. In full screen mode, this means that
all games will stretch to the full screen size (even vertical games).
In window mode, it means that you can freely resize the window without
any constraints. The default is ON (-keepaspect).
-prescale <amount>
Controls the size of the screen images when they are passed off to the
graphics system for scaling. At the minimum setting of 1, the screen
is rendered at its original resolution before being scaled. At higher
settings, the screen is expanded by a factor of <amount> before being
scaled. With -video ddraw or -video d3d, this produces a less blurry
image at the expense of some speed. In -video ddraw mode, this also
increases the effective resolution of non-screen elements such as
artwork and fonts. The default is 1.
-effect <filename>
Specifies a single PNG file that is used as an overlay over any game
screens in the video display. This PNG file is assumed to live in the
root of one of the artpath directories. The pattern in the PNG file is
repeated both horizontally and vertically to cover the entire game
screen areas (but not any external artwork), and is rendered at
the target resolution of the game image. For -video gdi and -video d3d
modes, this means that one pixel in the PNG will map to one pixel on
your output display. For -video ddraw, this means that one pixel in the
PNG will map to one pixel in the prescaled game screen. If you wish to
use an effect that requires mapping n PNG pixels to each game screen
pixel with -video ddraw, you need to specify a -prescale factor of n as
well. The RGB values of each pixel in the PNG are multiplied against the
RGB values of the target screen. The default is 'none', meaning no
effect.
-pause_brightness
This controls the brightness level when MAME is paused. The default
value is 0.65.
-[no]waitvsync
Waits for the refresh period on your computer's monitor to finish
before starting to draw video to your screen. If this option is off,
MAME will just draw to the screen at any old time, even in the middle
of a refresh cycle. This can cause "tearing" artifacts, where the top
portion of the screen is out of sync with the bottom portion. Tearing
is not noticeable on all games, and some people hate it more than
others. However, if you turn this option on, you will waste more of
your CPU cycles waiting for the proper time to draw, so you will see a
performance hit. You should only need to turn this on in windowed mode.
In full screen mode, it is only needed if -triplebuffer does not
remove the tearing, in which case you should use -notriplebuffer
-waitvsync. Note that this option does not work with -video gdi mode.
The default is OFF (-nowaitvsync).
-[no]syncrefresh
Enables speed throttling only to the refresh of your monitor. This
means that the game's actual refresh rate is ignored; however, the
sound code still attempts to keep up with the game's original refresh
rate, so you may encounter sound problems. This option is intended
mainly for those who have tweaked their video card's settings to
provide carefully matched refresh rate options. Note that this option
does not work with -video gdi mode.The default is OFF (-nosyncrefresh).
Video rotation options
----------------------
-[no]rotate
Rotate the game to match its normal state (horizontal/vertical). This
ensures that both vertically and horizontally oriented games show up
correctly without the need to rotate your monitor. If you want to keep
the game displaying 'raw' on the screen the way it would have in the
arcade, turn this option OFF. The default is ON (-rotate).
-[no]ror
-[no]rol
Rotate the game screen to the right (clockwise) or left (counter-
clockwise) relative to either its normal state (if -rotate is specified)
or its native state (if -norotate is specified). The default for both of
these options is OFF (-noror -norol).
-[no]flipx
-[no]flipy
Flip (mirror) the game screen either horizontally (-flipx) or
vertically (-flipy). The flips are applied after the -rotate and
-ror/-rol options are applied. The default for both of these options
is OFF (-noflipx -noflipy).
-[no]autoror
-[no]autorol
These options are designed for use with pivoting screens that only
pivot in a single direction. If your screen only pivots clockwise,
use -autorol to ensure that the game will fill the screen either
horizontally or vertically in one of the directions you can handle.
If your screen only pivots counter-clockwise, use -autoror.
DirectDraw-specific options
---------------------------
-[no]hwstretch / -[no]hws
When enabled, MAME uses the hardware stretching abilities of your
video card to scale the game image and associated artwork to the
target resolution. Depending on the quality of your graphic card and
its drivers, this may be a fractional, antialiased scaling (nice) or
an integer, blocky scaling (not so nice), in which case you might want
to disable this option. In addition, if you have configured specific
arcade-like video modes for MAME and don't want MAME to perform any
non-integral scaling of the image, you should also disable this option.
The default is ON (-hwstretch).
Direct3D-specific options
-------------------------
-d3dversion <version>
MAME supports both Direct3D 9 and Direct3D 8 for maximum compatibility.
By default, it will automatically detect which one it can use and use
that version exclusively. You can override MAME's selection with this
option. It is primarily intended as a means for the MAME developers to
test compatibility with older hardware; for the most part, there is no
reason to alter this setting. The default is 9.
-[no]filter / -[no]d3dfilter / -[no]flt
Enable bilinear filtering on the game screen graphics. When disabled,
point filtering is applied, which is crisper but leads to scaling
artifacts. If you don't like the filtered look, you are probably better
off increasing the -prescale value rather than turning off filtering
altogether. The default is ON (-filter).
Per-window options
------------------
-screen <display>
-screen0 <display>
-screen1 <display>
-screen2 <display>
-screen3 <display>
Specifies which physical monitor on your system you wish to have each
window use by default. In order to use multiple windows, you must have
increased the value of the -numscreens option. The name of each display
in your system can be determined by running MAME with the -verbose
option. The display names are typically in the format of: \\.\DISPLAYn,
where 'n' is a number from 1 to the number of connected monitors.
The default value for these options is 'auto', which means that the
first window is placed on the first display, the second window on the
second display, etc.
The -screen0, -screen1, -screen2, -screen3 parameters apply to the
specific window. The -screen parameter applies to all windows. The
window-specific options override values from the all window option.
-aspect <width:height> / -screen_aspect <num:den>
-aspect0 <width:height>
-aspect1 <width:height>
-aspect2 <width:height>
-aspect3 <width:height>
Specifies the physical aspect ratio of the physical monitor for each
window. In order to use multiple windows, you must have increased the
value of the -numscreens option. The physical aspect ratio can be
determined by measuring the width and height of the visible screen
image and specifying them separated by a colon. The default value for
these options is 'auto', which means that MAME assumes the aspect ratio
is proportional to the number of pixels in the desktop video mode for
each monitor.
The -aspect0, -aspect1, -aspect2, -aspect3 parameters apply to the
specific window. The -aspect parameter applies to all windows. The
window-specific options override values from the all window option.
-resolution <widthxheight[@refresh]> / -r <widthxheight[@refresh]>
-resolution0 <widthxheight[@refresh]> / -r0 <widthxheight[@refresh]>
-resolution1 <widthxheight[@refresh]> / -r1 <widthxheight[@refresh]>
-resolution2 <widthxheight[@refresh]> / -r2 <widthxheight[@refresh]>
-resolution3 <widthxheight[@refresh]> / -r3 <widthxheight[@refresh]>
Specifies an exact resolution to run in. In full screen mode, MAME will
try to use the specific resolution you request. The width and
height are required; the refresh rate is optional. If omitted or
set to 0, MAME will determine the mode auomatically. For example,
-resolution 640x480 will force 640x480 resolution, but MAME is free to
choose the refresh rate. Similarly, -resolution 0x0@60 will force a
60Hz refresh rate, but allows MAME to choose the resolution. The string
"auto" is also supported, and is equivalent to 0x0@0. In window mode,
this resolution is used as a maximum size for the window. This option
requires the -switchres option as well in order to actually enable
resolution switching with -video ddraw or -video d3d. The default
value for these options is 'auto'.
The -resolution0, -resolution1, -resolution2, -resolution3 parameters
apply to the specific window. The -resolution parameter applies to all
windows. The window-specific options override values from the all
window option.
-view <viewname>
-view0 <viewname>
-view1 <viewname>
-view2 <viewname>
-view3 <viewname>
Specifies the initial view setting for each window. The <viewname> does
not need to be a perfect match; rather, it will select the first view
whose name matches all the characters specified by <viewname>. For
example, -view native will match the "Native (15:14)" view even though
it is not a perfect match. The value 'auto' is also supported, and
requests that MAME perform a default selection. The default value for
these options is 'auto'.
The -view0, -view1, -view2, -view3 parameters apply to the
specific window. The -view parameter applies to all windows. The
window-specific options override values from the all window option.
Full screen options
-------------------
-[no]triplebuffer / -[no]tb
Enables or disables "triple buffering". Normally, MAME just draws
directly to the screen, without any fancy buffering. But with this
option enabled, MAME creates three buffers to draw to, and cycles
between them in order. It attempts to keep things flowing such that one
buffer is currently displayed, the second buffer is waiting to be
displayed, and the third buffer is being drawn to. -triplebuffer will
override -waitvsync, if the buffer is sucessfully created. This option
does not work with -video gdi. The default is OFF (-notriplebuffer).
-[no]switchres
Enables resolution switching. This option is required for the
-resolution* options to switch resolutions in full screen mode. On
modern video cards, there is little reason to switch resolutions unless
you are trying to achieve the "exact" pixel resolutions of the original
games, which requires significant tweaking. This option is also useful
on LCD displays, since they run with a fixed resolution and switching
resolutions on them is just silly. This option does not work with
-video gdi. The default is OFF (-noswitchres).
-full_screen_brightness / -fsb <value>
Controls the brightness, or black level, of the entire display. The
standard value is 1.0. Selecting lower values (down to 0.1) will produce
a darkened display, while selecting higher values (up to 2.0) will
give a brighter display. Note that not all video cards have hardware to
support this option. This option does not work with -video gdi. The
default is 1.0.
-full_screen_contrast / -fsc <value>
Controls the contrast, or white level, of the entire display. The
standard value is 1.0. Selecting lower values (down to 0.1) will produce
a dimmer display, while selecting higher values (up to 2.0) will
give a more saturated display. Note that not all video cards have
hardware to support this option. This option does not work with
-video gdi. The default is 1.0.
-full_screen_gamma / -fsg <value>
Controls the gamma, which produces a potentially nonlinear black to
white ramp, for the entire display. The standard value is 1.0, which
gives a linear ramp from black to white. Selecting lower values (down
to 0.1) will increase the nonlinearity toward black, while selecting
higher values (up to 3.0) will push the nonlinearity toward white. Note
that not all video cards have hardware to support this option. This
option does not work with -video gdi. The default is 1.0.
Game screen options
-------------------
-brightness <value>
Controls the default brightness, or black level, of the game screens.
This option does not affect the artwork or other parts of the display.
Using the MAME UI, you can individually set the brightness for each game
screen; this option controls the initial value for all visible game
screens. The standard value is 1.0. Selecting lower values (down to 0.1)
will produce a darkened display, while selecting higher values (up to
2.0) will give a brighter display. The default is 1.0.
-contrast <value>
Controls the contrast, or white level, of the game screens. This option
does not affect the artwork or other parts of the display. Using the
MAME UI, you can individually set the contrast for each game screen;
this option controls the initial value for all visible game screens. The
standard value is 1.0. Selecting lower values (down to 0.1) will produce
a dimmer display, while selecting higher values (up to 2.0) will
give a more saturated display. The default is 1.0.
-gamma <value>
Controls the gamma, which produces a potentially nonlinear black to
white ramp, for the game screens. This option does not affect the
artwork or other parts of the display. Using the MAME UI, you can
individually set the gamma for each game screen; this option controls
the initial value for all visible game screens. The standard value is
1.0, which gives a linear ramp from black to white. Selecting lower
values (down to 0.1) will increase the nonlinearity toward black,
while selecting higher values (up to 3.0) will push the nonlinearity
toward white. The default is 1.0.
Vector rendering options
------------------------
-[no]antialias / -[no]aa
Enables antialiased line rendering for vector games. The default is ON
(-antialias).
-beam <width>
Sets the width of the vectors. This is a scaling factor against the
standard vector width. A value of 1.0 will keep the default vector line
width. Smaller values will reduce the width, and larger values will
increase the width. The default is 1.0.
-flicker <value>
Simulates a vector "flicker" effect, similar to a vector monitor that
needs adjustment. This option requires a float argument in the range of
0.00 - 100.00 (0=none, 100=maximum). The default is 0.
Artwork options
---------------
-[no]artwork_crop / -[no]artcrop
Enable cropping of artwork to the game screen area only. This works
best with -video gdi or -video d3d, and means that vertically oriented
games running full screen can display their artwork to the left and
right sides of the screen. This does not work with -video ddraw because
of the way the game screens are rendered and scaled after the fact. This
option can also be controlled via the Video Options menu in the user
interface. The default is OFF (-noartwork_crop).
-[no]use_backdrops / -[no]backdrop
Enables/disables the display of backdrops. The default is ON
(-use_backdrops).
-[no]use_overlays / -[no]overlay
Enables/disables the display of overlays. The default is ON
(-use_overlays).
-[no]use_bezels / -[no]bezel
Enables/disables the display of bezels. The default is ON
(-use_bezels).
Sound options
-------------
-[no]sound
Enable or disable sound altogether. The default is ON (-sound).
-samplerate / -sr <value>
Sets the audio sample rate. Smaller values (e.g. 11025) cause lower
audio quality but faster emulation speed. Higher values (e.g. 48000)
cause higher audio quality but slower emulation speed. The default is
48000.
-[no]samples
Use samples if available. The default is ON (-samples).
-volume / -vol <value>
Sets the startup volume. It can later be changed with the user interface
(see Keys section). The volume is an attenuation in dB: e.g.,
"-volume -12" will start with -12dB attenuation. The default is 0.
-audio_latency <value>
This controls the amount of latency built into the audio streaming. By
default MAME tries to keep the DirectSound audio buffer between 1/5 and
2/5 full. On some systems, this is pushing it too close to the edge,
and you get poor sound sometimes. The latency parameter controls the
lower threshold. The default is 1 (meaning lower=1/5 and upper=2/5).
Set it to 2 (-audio_latency 2) to keep the sound buffer between 2/5 and
3/5 full. If you crank it up to 4, you can definitely notice the lag.
Input device options
--------------------
-ctrlr <controller>
Enables support for special controllers. Configuration files are
loaded from the ctrlrpath. They are in the same format as the .cfg
files that are saved, but only control configuration data is read
from the file. The default is NULL (no controller file).
-[no]mouse
Controls whether or not MAME looks for a mouse controller to use. Note
that in many cases, lightguns are treated as mice by the operating
system, so you may need to enable this to enable lightgun support. When
this is enabled, you will not be able to use your mouse in Windows
while playing a game. If you want to get control of your computer back,
you will need to either pause the game or quit. The default is OFF
(-nomouse).
-[no]joystick / -[no]joy
Controls whether or not MAME looks for joystick/gamepad controllers.
When this is enabled, MAME will ask DirectInput about which controllers
are connected. The default is OFF (-nojoystick).
-[no]lightgun / -[no]gun
Controls whether or not MAME treats mouse inputs as lightgun inputs.
Note that most lightguns map to the mouse, so using -lightgun and
-mouse together may produce strange results. The default is OFF
(-nolightgun).
-[no]dual_lightgun / -[no]dual
Controls whether or not MAME attempts to track two lightguns connected
at the same time. This option requires -lightgun. This option is a hack
for supporting older dual lightgun setups. If you have multiple
lightguns connected, you will probably just need to enable -mouse and
configure each lightgun independently. The default is OFF
(-nodual_lightgun).
-[no]offscreen_reload / -[no]reload
Controls whether or not MAME treats a second button input from a
lightgun as a reload signal. In this case, MAME will report the gun's
position as (0,MAX) with the trigger held, which is equivalent to an
offscreen reload. This is only needed for games that required you to
shoot offscreen to reload, and then only if your gun does not support
off screen reloads. The default is OFF (-nooffscreen_reload).
-[no]steadykey / -[no]steady
Some games require two or more buttons to be pressed at exactly the
same time to make special moves. Due to limitations in the PC keyboard
hardware, it can be difficult or even impossible to accomplish that
using the standard keyboard handling. This option selects a different
handling that makes it easier to register simultaneous button presses,
but has the disadvantage of making controls less responsive. The
default is OFF (-nosteadykey)
-a2d_deadzone / -a2d
If you play with an analog joystick, but the game requires digital
input, MAME needs to convert the signals. Here you can give the ratio
of movement along an axis that accounts for a digital signal. This
option expects a float in the range of 0.0 to 1.0. Note that the
current handling is not accurate enough to handle diagonal movement
properly. The default is 0.3.
-digital <all|none|j<N>[a<M>[a<K>...]][,j<X>[a<Y>...]][,...]>
Controls which joystick axes are considered digital. If MAME knows that
a given joystick axis is digital, it can make much better decisions about
how to treat that axis. If you are using a digital gamepad with MAME,
you will want to use this option. There are a number of ways to do this:
-digital all means that all axes of all connected joysticks will be
treated as digital.
-digital none means that all axes of all connected joysticks will be
treated as analog (this is the default behavior).
-digital j2 will treat all axes of joystick #2 as digital; axes on all
other joysticks will be treated as analog.
-digital j1a0a1 will treat axis 0 and 1 on joystick #1 as digital; all
other axes will be treated as analog.
-digital j1a0a1,j2a5 will treat axis 0 and 1 on joystick #1 as digital,
as well as axis 5 on joystick #2; all other axes will be treated
as analog.
Make use of the information provided by -verbose to determine which
joysticks and axes you should be configuring this way. The default is
'none'.
Automatic device selection options
----------------------------------
-paddle_device <keyboard|mouse|joystick|lightgun> / -paddle
-adstick_device <keyboard|mouse|joystick|lightgun> / -adstick
-pedal_device <keyboard|mouse|joystick|lightgun> / -pedal
-dial_device <keyboard|mouse|joystick|lightgun> / -dial
-trackball_device <keyboard|mouse|joystick|lightgun> / -trackball
-lightgun_device <keyboard|mouse|joystick|lightgun>
Each of these options controls autoenabling the mouse, joystick, or
lightgun depending on the presence of a particular class of analog
control for a particular game. For example, if you specify the option
-paddle mouse, then any game that has a paddle control will automatically
enable mouse controls just as if you had explicitly specified -mouse.
Note that these controls override the values of -[no]mouse,
-[no]joystick, etc.
